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Home » Bleeding after Delivery (Post-Partum Hemorrhage)

Bleeding after Delivery (Post-Partum Hemorrhage)

Last Updated: January 7, 2015 at 5:03 am
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Definition :

Quantitative Amount of blood loss excess of 500 ml following birth of the baby.

Post Partum Hemorrhage
Bleeding after Delivery

 

Clinical definition :

Any amount of bleeding or from or into the genital tract following birth of the baby up to the end of puerperium which adversely affect the general condition of the pt evidenced by rise in pulse rate & falling blood pressure is called PPH (Post-Partum Hemorrhage) .

Incidence– 1% among hospital deliveries.

Types-

1) Primary

2) Secondary.

1) Primary –

Hemorrhage occurs within 24 hrs following the birth of the baby. Again two types.

a) 3rd stage hemorrhage – Bleeding occur before expulsion of placenta.

b) True post- Partum Hemorrhage- Bleeding occur subsequent to expulsion of placenta.

Secondary:-  Bleeding occurs beyond 24hrs and within perineum called delayed or late puerperal hemorrhage.

 

Causes of Primary Post-Partum Hemorrhage (PPH)

1) Atonic

2) Traumatic.

3) Mixed.

4) Blood coagulopathy.

 

Atonic – 80% is the atonic cause. Following are the condition where uterine contraction & retraction interferes.

1) Over distension of uterus- Multiple pregnancy, large baby, hydramnios.

2) Ante partum haemorrhage.

3) Prolonged labour

4) Malnutrition and anaemia

5) Persistent  uterine distension – Retention of partially separated placenta interfere  with retraction.

6) Malformation of uterus:- e.g., when placenta in planted in the uterine septum of septate uterus.

7) Uterine fibroid.

8) Mismanaged  third stage of labour-

i)       Too rapid delivery of the baby

ii)      Premature attempt to expel the placenta before it is separated.

iii)     Kneading & fidding the uterus

iv)      Bladder not evacuated.

9) Constriction   ring – Hour glass contraction formed in the upper segment.

10) Precipitate labour

 

Traumatic-

20% Usulally involve Cx, vagina, Episiotomy wound, perineum. (Revealed)
Concealed- Vulvo-vaginal & broad ligament haematoma.

 

Mixed- Combination of atonic and traumatic causes.

 

Blood coagulopathy- accuried or congenital.

Due to diminished procoagulands or increased fibrinolytic activity. The conditions where coagulopathy can develop-

a.       Abruption placenta

b.      Jaundice in pregnancy

c.       Pre-Eclanpsia – Eclampsia.

 

Continue reading to Part 2 

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